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Discover the RADMAN™ Suite, the industry-standard software for nuclear waste and radioactive material management, with over 45 years of proven excellence. From advanced characterization methods to compliance with regulatory requirements, RADMAN™ remains unmatched in its reliability and performance. Trust WMG for secure, stable, and cloud-based solutions that elevate your radioactive material management processes to new heights of efficiency and safety. The Industry Standard Introduced in 1983, RADMAN™ has been the nuclear industry's premier software program for Radwaste and Radioactive material storage, handling, shipping and final disposition. With decades of continuous improvement reflective of industry and regulatory changes, the RADMAN™ Suite sets the standard and remains the only application for radioactive material characterization to have been approved by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC). Main Features Advanced Characterization Methods Applies all relevant USNRC, DOT, IAEA, and disposal site requirements to each package and shipment Ability to enter and use site specific radwaste information Multiple characterization methods Gross Gamma Direct Sample Swipe Characterization (SCO Smears) Concentration Averaging with support for both the 1995 and 2015 BTP 10 CFR Part 37 Storage Module Custom reporting module to accommodate unique client requirements Cloud Platform By leveraging a cloud computing environment, the RADMAN™ Suite of services offers enhanced benefits to users, including improved service quality, greater flexibility, heightened data security, automated updates, and stronger disaster recovery capabilities compared to standalone software solutions. With real-time access to the customer's RADMAN™ database, technical support and maintenance become simpler and more efficient. Security and Stability The RADMAN™ Suite back-end is designed to establish a clearly defined security boundary while prioritizing reliability and performance. It comprises high-availability database server instances, Ioad-baIanced web farms, and specialized equipment. WMG provides for continuous monitoring and mitigation of potential data breaches using state-of-the-art systems and protocols. How are you tracking your sources? SourceTrax™ stands as a revolutionary solution, seamlessly navigating the intricacies of regulatory compliance and procedural criteria specific to each site. Developed by WMG, this highly functional software is designed to streamline and enhance the management of in-house sources, ensuring accountability in line with federal regulations. SourceTrax™ is your key to effortlessly track, manage, and maintain an unlimited number of sources, offering unparalleled efficiency. SourceTrax™ seamlessly integrates with the RADMAN™ suite, serving as an optional module since the release of RADMAN™ Suite 9.3 in the summer of 2017. Operating within the same cloud infrastructure and security measures, SourceTrax™ activates with ease once a contract is in place. No installation is required, providing users with immediate access to this invaluable application. Trust SourceTrax™ for unparalleled functionality and compliance in source management. Source Input and Decay Within this module, users can effortlessly create and modify source records. SourceTrax™, in compliance with 10 CFR Part 30.18, evaluates the licensing status of sources. It also determines the need for leak testing based on site-specific technical requirements. Source Input and Decay Within this module, users can effortlessly create and modify source records. SourceTrax™, in compliance with 10 CFR Part 30.18, evaluates the licensing status of sources. It also determines the need for leak testing based on site-specific technical requirements. Inventory Management and Search Capability This module equips users with advanced search functionalities, including filtering, sorting, and grouping options. Users can perform ad-hoc searches, apply filters and groupings based on various criteria, and manage complete source information effortlessly. Bulk leak test updates, custom layouts for source inventory, and electronic logging streamline the management process. Source Transfer and Disposal Facilitating seamless source transfers, this module tracks source movement between locations and custodians. When sources reach the end of their useful lives, SourceTrax™ documents transfers to other NRC licensees or the disposal of sources. The software supports bulk transfers in a single program transaction, enhancing operational efficiency. Reporting The reports module is a powerful tool, generating essential documents such as Radioactive Source Inventory Cards, Accountability Records, Inventory by Location or Custodian, and custom user reports as needed. Source Data Tracking • Receipt • Certifications • Storage Locations • Inventory • Leak Test • Category • Disposal Sample Import Tool Introducing the Sample Import Tool, an innovative utility program that seamlessly integrates with the RADMAN™ Platform, revolutionizing the way you manage and process 10 CFR Part 61 analytical results from Teledyne Brown or Gel Labs. With its comprehensive set of features, this tool streamlines the import, analysis, and upload of electronically transmitted independent laboratory data, ensuring efficiency, accuracy, and compliance like never before. Gone are the days of manual data entry and the inherent risks of data entry errors. The Sample Import Tool facilitates automated import reported 10 CFR 61 Independent laboratory data, eliminating the potential for omissions and transcription. The Sample Import Tool’s direct interface with RADMAN™ not only saves time but also enhances data integrity, as it automatically prescreens analytical results based on RADMAN™ Topical criteria and NRC BTP criteria for LLD acceptability. This means you can trust that the results you’re working with meet the highest standards. Navigation Navigating through the process is effortless, thanks to the Sample Import Tool’s user-friendly interface. It provides screen displays and hard copy outputs for both “as received” and “as screened” data, ensuring transparency and accountability at every step. Users also have the flexibility to modify screened results while keeping track of all modifications for future reference. Once the data is refined, the Sample Import Tool enables you to conveniently save the screened results in a designated file location, further enhancing organization and accessibility. Efficiency Redefined By leveraging the power of automation, RADMAN™ Sample Import Tool eliminates human error during data entry, ensuring the integrity and reliability of analysis results. With just a simple drag-and-drop action, users can import data files directly into the application, saving valuable time and resources. Collaborative Development Developed in collaboration with leading industry labs, including GEL Laboratories and Teledyne Brown Engineering, RADMAN™ Sample Import Tool boasts a proprietary “RADMAN™ data file format". This format ensures seamless integration with RADMAN™, enabling users to import data files with ease, significantly enhancing efficiency and accuracy in sample analysis. WMG would be pleased to develop import capabilities from other laboratories of your choice. Accelerated Analysis Time is of the essence in radwaste analysis. With RADMAN™ Sample Import Tool, the entire process - from input to analysis to review - is tremendously expedited. Users can now process each sample with unprecedented speed, allowing for quicker decision-making and enhanced operational efficiency. Audit Compliance As always, WMG embraces regulatory and audit compliance, which are of paramount importance. RADMAN™ Sample Import Tool facilitates audits by providing a comprehensive record of the analysis and review process. This approach ensures transparency and accountability, giving users peace of mind when it comes to regulatory and audit compliance.

< Back Closing in on the Product Release of the REACh™ Detector System Dec 2, 2021 A new innovation the represents a step change in how low-level waste is characterized and classified. After over 2 years of research and development the anticipated release of the REACh™ Detector System is nearing. We have driven the idea of performing waste characterization and classification in the field with a handheld detector into a reality. It all started with an idea and has led us to an innovation that will shortly become the industry standard. What makes REACh™ a System: A system is defined as a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network. We started with our expertise in radioactive waste characterization, classification and software development that has spanned over 40 years. Using that as a basis, we added a state-of-the-art handheld device designed to perform in-field spectroscopic radiation measurements and integrated it with the RADMAN™ Platform. The result is the RADMAN™ Enhanced Accurate Characterization Detector System - The REACh™ Detector System, or just plain REACh™. The REACh™ Detector is a handheld device that utilizes a 2”x2” Thallium doped Sodium Iodide crystal [NaI(Tl)]. This is a commonly used crystal in the nuclear industry. It provides some of the best light output among scintillators, which allows for easy scintillation (i.e., more flashes of light are produced from photons). NaI(Tl) crystals can be produced relatively inexpensively, provide good efficiency, and are able to measure the intensity and energies of incident radiation. Although HPGe and CZT detectors can provide some of the best energy resolutions for gamma spectroscopy, NaI(Tl) detector efficiencies are about a factor of 8 to 10 times better than that of HPGe and the CZT detectors have one of the lowest detector efficiencies due to the CZT limited detector size. Because of the complexity, costs, and detector efficiencies associated with HPGe and CZT detectors, they are not well suited for in-field-measurements of typical nuclear waste. Typical nuclear waste is comprised of well-defined, well-known, gamma emitting radionuclides. A scintillator, such as an NaI(Tl) detector which has been integrated into a hand-held instrument, is the most appropriate tool for the application of in-field waste characterizations. It is all about quick, reliable, and reproduceable measurements.The software integration rounds out the system on the backbone of the RADMAN™ Platform which is the most trusted radwaste management software for characterization and classification of radioactive waste and material in the industry. How was REACh™ put through its paces? We identified the critical characteristics associated with field characterization scenarios, defined the acceptance criteria, executed the test plan, and validated the results by way of independent reviews & comparison to current methods of characterization. Testing at the Processor The first round of field testing was performed at a LLRW processing facility in May of 2021 where a variety of packaged waste containers from several generators was available. Twenty-nine (29) waste packages had spectral acquisitions during the first round of field testing. This included twenty-one (21) 55-gallon drums, Six (6) B-25 boxes and two (2) 20’ long intermodal containers. Detailed radiation surveys were performed on the packages prior to each spectral acquisition. Historical characterization information was available for each package for validation purposes. Based upon the results obtained from the field testing of the REACh™ Detector System, it was shown that REACh™ can effectively detect the gamma emitting radionuclides present in the packaged radioactive waste. The results were in good agreement with those found with an HPGe detector-based system and the total gamma emitters found were within 10%. The REACh™ results for the 55-Gallon Drums on the aggregate were about 6% lower than the HPGe results. The REACh™ characterization results were over 20% lower on the average than the waste generator results. Testing at the Generators Thirteen containers had spectral acquisitions taken during the field testing at three nuclear sites. This included three (3) 20-foot intermodal containers, one (1) long handled tooling container, two (2) B-25 boxes and seven (7) liners consisting of six (6) ASC-200 steel liners and one (1) 14-195 steel liner. A total of over sixty (60) gamma scans were acquired on the thirteen containers. The Green Is Clean (GIC) material is very-low-level-radioactive-waste in that it has measured dose rates that are near equivalent to the background radiation in the area. Although this container is hardly radioactive, REACh™ was able to identify and quantify the prominent gamma emitters for this container. The contaminated tooling container was very low dose material, like the GIC above. REACh™ was effective at identifying and quantifying the prominent gamma emitting radionuclides associated with this container. The REACh™ system exceeded our expectations with very low-level material and proved to be a powerful tool to aide in free release surveys. The REACh™ system includes a remote survey stand and collimator to allow remote gamma scans on higher activity liners of ion exchange resin and filters. The remote operation provides gamma scans of high activity materials in an ALARA fashion. There were six (6) resin liners and one (1) partially full sludge liner analyzed during field testing. Results were in good agreement with the plant’s characterization results and the gamma emitting activities were within a few percent. By using REACh™ to directly measure the gamma emitting activity in the liners, the in-house sampling and analysis can be eliminated. We performed measurements of various sources thrown into a carboard box, as well as direct measurements of the sources to determine acquisition times and radionuclide identification capabilities for these very low activity sources. These are the types of sources most plants are using to test the response of current tool monitoring alarms. REACh™ was able to effectively detect all the gamma emitting sources. All radioactive check sources which were measured were easily identified with all but one (1) source being identified in seconds. An approximately 50 nCi 100cm2 Cs-137 source took a few minutes for identification, but REACh™ was able to easily identify this extremely low-level source at each measurement distance. Summary REACh™ is poised to change the current status quo by providing the ability to characterize radioactive packages in the field with fast, accurate In-Situ Characterization. The goal of the REACh™ design was to save time with instantaneous readings, thus minimizing dose with an ALARA conscious solution, and minimize potential human errors with the integration of both software and hardware… AND WE HAVE SUCCEEDED!!! Previous Next

< Back Subject Matter Expert Support Apr 23, 2020 Take advantage of WMG experience and expertise with RADMAN™ SME Support. Short-Staffed and Loaded to the Gills? Consider using the RADMAN™ add-on Subject Matter Expers Support that provides for independent review of shipping documentation and waste stream analysis on a real-time basis. Short Handed Are you working with staff shortages due to the efforts of social distancing? Second Set of Eyes Experienced shippers are waiting to support you. Don't hold up a shipment, your success is our goal. We are Here to Help! We can help, with the ability to perform a remote independent review of shipping documentation or a waste stream analysis. Give us a Call This could be the answer to your 16-hour days. Learn how to get this service added to your RADMAN™ Subscription Previous Next

< Back FLTRSTOR™ White Paper Brochure Less dose. Fewer shipments. Smarter filter handling. With over a dozen plants already on board—the message is clear: FLTRSTOR™ works. Read our white paper here and let’s talk FLTRSTOR™. Download Previous Next

< Back WMG Welcomes Four New Sites Into the RADMAN™ Family Jun 16, 2021 We’re excited to announce that four new commercial sites are using our world-class software! Recently, 4 new sites have joined the WMG family and adopted the industry standard RADMAN™ Suite: Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, NEWGreen Legacy Services, Columbia Generating Station, and Comanche Peak. We’re thrilled to announce these partnerships and look forward to assisting these new clients wherever possible with the top-tier customer support & service that WMG is known for. Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) CNL is Canada’s premier nuclear science and technology organization, and a world leader in developing nuclear technology for peaceful and innovative applications. CNL is helping to restore and protect the environment, advancing clean energy technology, and pioneering medical breakthroughs to continue improving the health of people around the world.As part of a major technology and work process modernization effort, CNL evaluated numerous vendors and software packages, ultimately selecting RADMAN™ for their rad material management software. CNL also worked closely with WMG to define and develope a custom software application that integrates with RADMAN™ to create a comprehensive sample management and analysis suite. Comanche Peak WMG is pleased to welcome Comanche Peak, a two-unit nuclear power plant southwest of Dallas, Texas as one of our newest RADMAN™ subscribers! Comanche Peak recognized WMG’s high level of customer support, our continuous improvements to RADMAN™, and the integration of end-user feedback from the past 25 years to provide more value than lower cost alternatives they had previously used. Columbia Generating Station Columbia Generating Station is the only operating commercial nuclear power plant in the country that ships waste to US Ecology. After several years of using a competing software product, Columbia Generating Station opted to return to RADMAN™ for its simplicity, accuracy and best in class support. We’re excited to have them return and look forward to helping them meet their radwaste software needs. NewGreen Legacy Services WMG, Inc. is pleased to announce an agreement to provide the RAMSHP™ & StORM™ software subscription to NEWGreen Legacy Services, Inc. RAMSHP™ is used to manifest and document radioactive materials shipments between licensees. RAMSHP™ will characterize, ship, and track radioactive material shipments in accordance with NRC and DOT regulations as well as IAEA, ICAO and IATA rules and regulations. StORM™ is a companion program to RAMSHP™ and is used to characterize, inventory, and track vendor equipment received on-site in support of outage activities. It will maintain the inventory received and enables the user to quickly re-characterize the equipment and manifest it for return once the outage is over. Previous Next

< Back 1997 RADMAN™ for Windows The release of RADMAN™ for Windows incorporates FILTRAK™, RAMSHP™, and other programs into a bundled package, significantly enhancing the software's capabilities.

< Back WMG - Dewatering Liners At WMG, we continuously strive for excellence in engineering design and fabrication. Our newly upgraded dewatering liner incorporates a range of key improvements, inspired by valuable feedback from operations, as well as insights from leading filter suppliers and liner fabricators. With these enhancements, we are proud to offer a solution that significantly reduces failure rates, improves quality, and delivers substantial savings in time, dose, and money. Previous Next

< Back 2024 WMG RADMAN™ User's Group Meeting Reminder May 31, 2024 With the meeting date fast approaching, be sure to finalize your arrangements with us! Join us for the 2024 WMG RADMAN™ Users Group Meeting July 28! Open to both existing and prospective users and subscribers of RADMAN™, you are invited to come and be a part of our engaging general sessions, hands-on training, and enjoy some fun in the sun with the WMG Family! Additionally, as our latest RADMAN™ subscriber, we would like to welcome Alaron Nuclear Services (Alaron) as first-time attendees of the conference! Alaron operates a radioactive waste processing facility in Pennsylvania and is part of Veolia Nuclear Solutions - Federal Services (VNSFS) that tackles North America’s nuclear cleanup challenges. We're excited for their participation and look forward to their contributions and insights. We believe their presence will add valuable perspectives to our discussions and enhance the collaborative spirit of the event. " Alaron is excited to be transitioning to the RADMAN software platform, " said David Gilson, VP/General Manager of Alaron. " The capabilities and modules available will drastically increase our operational efficiencies as well as allow for better access by our personnel. The inventory management, tracking, and search capabilities will allow us to better respond to clients as well as support future audits in a more efficient manner. " Who Should Attend Current and prospective users and subscribers of the RADMAN™ Software. Our annual User's meeting is a cornerstone for sharing industry knowledge and ensuring the continued success of the RADMAN™ Suite of Software that also include MegaShield™ and SourceTrax™. We deeply value your contributions and feedback in continuing to ensure RADMAN™ lives up to your high expectations. Whether this is your first conference, or you've joined us many times, we appreciate your participation! Please make sure to finalize your travel plans, and feel free to reach out with any questions you may have!   Previous Next

< Back Submit your RADMAN™ User of The Year Award Nominations! Apr 1, 2026 To recognize the outstanding individual who makes the most of the platform, we are now accepting nominations for the RADMAN™ User of the Year Award! At WMG, we are proud to work with professionals who rely on RADMAN™ every day to support safe, compliant, and efficient radioactive waste management. To recognize the outstanding individual who makes the most of the platform, we are now accepting nominations for the RADMAN™ User of the Year Award, which will be presented at our annual RADMAN™ Users Group Meeting. This year, the RADMAN™ Users Group Meeting will be held at the Omni Amelia Island Resort and Spa in Amelia Island, Florida July 12 th -14 th . Be sure to contact WMG for more details. This award honors the RADMAN user s who demonstrates the highest level of excellence in areas such as: Innovative use of RADMAN™ to solve operational challenges Leadership in improving waste characterization, compliance, or efficiency Contributions that help their organization achieve safer and more efficient waste management Sharing great, actionable feedback on WMG products and services How to Nominate Submitting a nomination is simple. Send us a brief description (one hundred words or less) explaining why the nominee deserves recognition as RADMAN™ User of the Year (self-nominations will be accepted). 📩 Submit nominations to: Mptuite@wmginc.com 📅 Deadline: June 30th, 2026 The selected winner will be recognized by WMG and featured in our communications highlighting their work and contributions to the radwaste community. We look forward to hearing about the many ways RADMAN™ users are making an impact! Previous Next

< Back RADMAN™ Suite 9.6.2 Release Jul 20, 2023 The newest release of RADMAN™ Suite is now available. WMG, Inc. is pleased to announce the release of RADMAN™ Suite 9.6.2. This release includes fifty-two (52) updates, improvements, and bug fixes. Among the changes are the NRC-approved removal of the OMB expiration date from the waste manifest forms, improvements to the Activity Cutoff client setting, and the addition of the new SNM and Fissile nuclides report. Complete list of changes New Features and Improvements Changed the default activity unit from TBq to Bq when using SI units. Added a new option to shipments, "For combined packages, do not report inner containers on the Form 541". Added the ability to print the Waste Profile report from the Shipment Listings and the Print All screen for a shipment. Updated references to US Ecology to reflect the acquisition by Republic Services, Inc. The site is now called Republic Services Richland. Added a new field in destinations to input a Default Shipper ID (PNP). This value is used to populate the equivalent field when adding a shipment to that destination. Added a new "SNM and Fissile nuclides" report for packages and shipments. Removed the equivalent fissile nuclides table from the package characterization report. Removed the ability to move (i.e., change the location of) shipped packages. Change the UI theme for the shipped shipments screen to distinguish it from the staged shipments screen. Remove the ability to change manifest notes when editing a package. Add additional information (plant name, contact name) to the shipper dropdown when adding a shipment. Updated Shipment DOT Override options to allow for Type A evaluation when LSA/SCO 3-meter dose rate exceeds 1 rem/h. Updated the activity cutoff client setting function so nuclides below the cutoff threshold which are in the top 95% of activity contribution will no longer be removed. Cutoff logic applies only to the Package Characterization, DOT and Radioactive Reports. Update scaling logic to more consistently handle LLD nuclides. Removed the OMB expiration date from the NRC forms 540, 540A, 541, and 541A. It is no longer required. Updated the NRC Universal Low-Level Waste Manifest forms to report the current NUREG/BR-0204 Rev 3 form edition (04-26-2023). Bug Fixes Restored the "Create new filter?" prompt that is displayed when saving a filter. This function was inadvertently disabled in a prior update. Fixed an error shown when viewing or editing a shipment with a shipper that has been archived. Fixed a bug that miscalculated the combined package tare weight when inner container(s) are included. Corrected an error with the overpack (-OP) container description not being shown correctly on some manifest formats. Updated the uncombine filters listing to exclude shipped filters. Fixed an error when attempting to review or send a notification regarding a shipment to your client via StORM. Fixed a bug which prevented updates to a package/waste stream 1.21 category before generating the Reg Guide 1.21 report. Fixed a bug with the ETrans file output if the user overrides one of the Manifest Note 2 to be blank. Corrected an error that prevented report generation of packages received via StORM. Fixed a bug with the sample revision date not changing when cloning a sample. Fixed a bug with the "external dimensions" checkbox being erroneously unchecked when editing a container. Updated the combined package screen to use the appropriate client selected unit of measure in the Working Totals section. Fixed a bug on the dose-to-curie validation report which displayed an incorrect low energy cutoff value. Fixed a bug which erroneously reset container variables (like percent full) when refreshing the screen while adding a combined package. Fixed a bug where the vendor's name could be blank when adding a sample. Updated reports to prevent very low weight and volume values from displaying "0" due to rounding and formatting. Fixed a bug where the H-3 override did not use the correct units of measure for SI units. Fixed a bug when choosing "Save As" after decay correcting a distribution would not correctly decay the new distribution. Updated contamination inputs to support decimal values. Fixed a bug where the continuation page for the material shipping papers would not display the contents description. Updated filter break point report formatting so breakpoints less than 1 will no longer display as "0". Fixed a bug when generating the manifest from the Add Shipment screen would alter a package's nuclides to remove the LLD flag, impacting subsequent reports. Removed the Part 61 report as an option in the Print All form for material packages. Fixed a bug where the Package Characterization report for filter packages did not include all expected nuclides. Fixed a bug with the 3-meter dose rate report not showing the correct A1 fractions for nuclides. Fixed several bugs with the Part 61 report. Correctly include or exclude LLD activity from the sum of fractions based on established RADMAN™ logic. Fixed a bug where the Form 541 item 1 total activity was not including LLD activity when it should. Fixed a bug which showed an error when attempting to view the nuclide library with SI units enabled. Fixed a bug with the location info report not showing the location name or description. Fixed a bug when cloning a package which has a flowable material selected in the Manifest Note 2. Fixed a bug where the "working totals" for a combined package would not update when all packages were removed. Fixed a bug when editing a combined distribution which has samples with different sets of nuclides. Fixed a bug with the nuclide concentration report to always show concentration for relevant LLD nuclides. As with recent RADMAN™ releases, a full installation package, including software and Q/A related documentation is available, as well as a V&V installer which allows multiple versions of RADMAN™ to be installed on the same workstation. This V&V installer is intended to be used for testing and validation of RADMAN™ releases. Previous Next

< Back Our Story Oct 2, 2023 WMG - Service... Innovation... Value... Integrity... https://video.wixstatic.com/video/6fc099_76fe087d7d184791943c5b7ffef8287e/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 For more than 4 decades, WMG has been supporting the nuclear power industry, helping our clients save time, dose, and money. Learn more about WMG, our mission, and what it means to be a family-owned business from Peter, Kevin, and Michael Tuite! Previous Next

Air Transportation of Radioactive Materials Course Length: 1 Day Course Code: WMG-RC-300 Prerequisites: RC-150, RC-153 or equivalent Satisfies: 49CFR172 Subpart H & IATA DGR Section 1.5 Audience Profile: Radioactive shippers and shipping support involved in the air transportation (domestic or international) of radioactive material using the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations for initial & recurrent training. < Back Course Description: The RC-300 course is a comprehensive and introductory program tailored for individuals engaged in the transportation of radioactive materials by air. This course is designed to empower hazmat employees, with no prior exposure or recurrent training to the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations, to certify radioactive Class 7 material air and/or international shipments in full compliance with the Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations and the IATA dangerous goods air transportation regulations. Skills Gained: • Identify regulators who control the safe and secure transport of radioactive class 7 materials • Determine when cargo is a hazardous material/dangerous good and which type • Describe the air shipping quantity for a radioactive material • Identify the primary hazard class, and any subsidiaries when more than one hazard is present • Given a description of radioactive material, determine the proper shipping name • Determine the class 7 radiation and contamination controls and limitations • Identify the radioactive material communications required for an air shipment • Describe any additional air transport requirements